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实战在实际应用中我们需要部署很多台服务器，但我们要在单机上面测试，所以我们把mongodb文件夹复制放到其他的盘符或者目录下，模拟放在多台服务器上。
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主从复制可以备份数据，数据恢复和读写分离
实战在实际应用中我们需要部署很多台服务器，但我们要在单机上面测试，所以我们把mongodb文件夹复制放到其他的盘符或者目录下，模拟放在多台服务器上。
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主从复制可以备份数据，数据恢复和读写分离
实战在实际应用中我们需要部署很多台服务器，但我们要在单机上面测试，所以我们把mongodb文件夹复制放到其他的盘符或者目录下，模拟放在多台服务器上。
启动其中一个MongoDB,把该数据库指定为主数据库,其中不指定端口默认为27017
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                MongoDB学习之复制
              
            
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        <h2 id="主从复制"><a href="#主从复制" class="headerlink" title="主从复制"></a>主从复制</h2><p>在实际的应用中，我们利用mongodb进行读写分离，双机热备份和集群部署，所以我们要多数据进行复制。</p>
<p>主从复制可以<code>备份数据</code>，<code>数据恢复</code>和<code>读写分离</code></p>
<h3 id="实战"><a href="#实战" class="headerlink" title="实战"></a>实战</h3><p>在实际应用中我们需要部署很多台服务器，但我们要在单机上面测试，所以我们把mongodb文件夹复制放到其他的盘符或者目录下，模拟放在多台服务器上。</p>
<p>启动其中一个MongoDB,把该数据库指定为主数据库,其中不指定端口默认为27017</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">&gt;mongod --dbpath=xxxx --master</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><img src="http://omw3zv1ei.bkt.clouddn.com/mongodb_master.png" alt=""></p>
<p>启动另一个MongoDB,把该数据库设置为从属数据库，但要换一个端口，不能是默认的27017</p>
<p>source表示主数据的地址(包含端口号)</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">&gt;mongod --dbpath=xxxx --port 27027 --slave --source=127.0.0.1:27017</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><img src="http://omw3zv1ei.bkt.clouddn.com/mongodb_slave_1.png" alt=""></p>
<p>倘若你一开始并不想在启动的时候指定从属数据库而是后期指定，在mongodb上也是可以实现的,我们只需启动MongoDB的时候指定端口，和指明是一个slave数据库,无需指定主数据库</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">&gt;mongod --dbpath=xxxx --port xxxx --slave</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>我们成功创建从属数据库以后，登录该数据库切换到<code>local</code>数据库，为<code>sources</code>添加一个主数据库的host地址</p>
<p><img src="http://omw3zv1ei.bkt.clouddn.com/mongodb_slave_3.png" alt=""></p>
<p><img src="http://omw3zv1ei.bkt.clouddn.com/mongodb_slave_4.png" alt=""></p>
<p>在主从机构中，若是主数据库中关闭服务了，那么从属数据库也无法继续提供服务</p>
<p><img src="http://omw3zv1ei.bkt.clouddn.com/mongodb_slave_2.png" alt=""></p>
<h2 id="副本集"><a href="#副本集" class="headerlink" title="副本集"></a>副本集</h2><ul>
<li><p>副本集没有特定的主数据库</p>
</li>
<li><p>若是主数据库宕机了，集群中会选出一个从属数据库作为主数据库，说明mongodb的副本集具有自动故障恢复功能</p>
</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">&gt;mongod --port xxxx --dbpath=xxxx --replSet xxx(集合的名称)</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">mongod --dbpath=e:\workspace\MongoDB\data\db --port 27017 --replSet rs0</div><div class="line">mongod --dbpath=e:\workspace\MongoDB\data\one --port 27027 --replSet rs0</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>第一台mongodb服务器会自动初始化为主节点，通过<code>rs.conf()</code></p>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">rs0:PRIMARY&gt; rs.conf()</div><div class="line">&#123;</div><div class="line">        <span class="string">"_id"</span> : <span class="string">"rs0"</span>,</div><div class="line">        <span class="string">"version"</span> : <span class="number">1</span>,</div><div class="line">        <span class="string">"protocolVersion"</span> : NumberLong(<span class="number">1</span>),</div><div class="line">        <span class="string">"members"</span> : [</div><div class="line">                &#123;</div><div class="line">                        <span class="string">"_id"</span> : <span class="number">0</span>,</div><div class="line">                        <span class="string">"host"</span> : <span class="string">"Tony:27017"</span>,</div><div class="line">                        <span class="string">"arbiterOnly"</span> : <span class="literal">false</span>,</div><div class="line">                        <span class="string">"buildIndexes"</span> : <span class="literal">true</span>,</div><div class="line">                        <span class="string">"hidden"</span> : <span class="literal">false</span>,</div><div class="line">                        <span class="string">"priority"</span> : <span class="number">1</span>,</div><div class="line">                        <span class="string">"tags"</span> : &#123;</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">                        &#125;,</div><div class="line">                        <span class="string">"slaveDelay"</span> : NumberLong(<span class="number">0</span>),</div><div class="line">                        <span class="string">"votes"</span> : <span class="number">1</span></div><div class="line">                &#125;</div><div class="line">        ],</div><div class="line">        <span class="string">"settings"</span> : &#123;</div><div class="line">                <span class="string">"chainingAllowed"</span> : <span class="literal">true</span>,</div><div class="line">                <span class="string">"heartbeatIntervalMillis"</span> : <span class="number">2000</span>,</div><div class="line">                <span class="string">"heartbeatTimeoutSecs"</span> : <span class="number">10</span>,</div><div class="line">                <span class="string">"electionTimeoutMillis"</span> : <span class="number">10000</span>,</div><div class="line">                <span class="string">"catchUpTimeoutMillis"</span> : <span class="number">2000</span>,</div><div class="line">                <span class="string">"getLastErrorModes"</span> : &#123;</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">                &#125;,</div><div class="line">                <span class="string">"getLastErrorDefaults"</span> : &#123;</div><div class="line">                        <span class="string">"w"</span> : <span class="number">1</span>,</div><div class="line">                        <span class="string">"wtimeout"</span> : <span class="number">0</span></div><div class="line">                &#125;,</div><div class="line">                <span class="string">"replicaSetId"</span> : ObjectId(<span class="string">"58d08fa6fb250ee532788c70"</span>)</div><div class="line">        &#125;</div><div class="line">&#125;</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>通过<code>re.add(主机名:端口号)</code>函数添加副节点,如下</p>
 <figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">rs0:PRIMARY&gt; rs.add(&quot;Tony:27027&quot;)</div><div class="line">&#123; &quot;ok&quot; : 1 &#125;</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>其他更多的功能，通过<code>rs.help()</code>命令查看更多的方法</p>
<p>因为主从复制有一定的缺点，所以现在很多使用副本集代替主从结构</p>

      
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